"The internet is often celebrated for the abundant opportunities it appears to offer citizens to become more informed about and inspired to act on issues related to international development and distant suffering. But to what extent do users actually make use of such opportunities? And what social p
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rocesses are such decisions governed by? This article begins to answer these questions by analysing the results of a two-month study of UK internet users’ online behaviour. The results reveal, not just a general resistance to using the internet to develop a cosmopolitan consciousness, but also the dominant modes of avoidance that participants used to justify their inactivity. I conclude that the potential for digital cosmopolitanism appears to be primarily governed, not by the peculiarities of individual texts or even the properties of the technology, but by the nature and acceptability of pre-existing discursive resources and how they are deployed by users." (Abstract)
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"This volume explores the way governments endeavoured to build and maintain public support for the war in Afghanistan, combining new insights on the effects of strategic narratives with an exhaustive series of case studies. In contemporary wars, with public opinion impacting heavily on outcomes, str
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ategic narratives provide a grid for interpreting the why, what and how of the conflict. This book asks how public support for the deployment of military troops to Afghanistan was garnered, sustained or lost in thirteen contributing nations. Public attitudes in the US, Canada, Australia and Europe towards the use of military force were greatly shaped by the cohesiveness and content of the strategic narratives employed by national policy-makers. Assessing the ability of countries to craft a successful strategic narrative, the book addresses the following key areas: 1) how governments employ strategic narratives to gain public support; 2) how strategic narratives develop during the course of the conflict; 3) how these narratives are disseminated, framed and perceived through various media outlets; 4) how domestic audiences respond to strategic narratives; 5) how this interplay is conditioned by both events on the ground, in Afghanistan, and by structural elements of the domestic political systems." (Publisher description)
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"Video games have become a global industry, and their history spans dozens of national industries where foreign imports compete with domestic productions, legitimate industry contends with piracy, and national identity faces the global marketplace. This volume describes video game history and cultur
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e across every continent, with essays covering areas as disparate and far-flung as Argentina and Thailand, Hungary and Indonesia, Iran and Ireland. Most of the essays are written by natives of the countries they discuss, many of them game designers and founders of game companies, offering distinctively firsthand perspectives. Some of these national histories appear for the first time in English, and some for the first time in any language." (Back cover)
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"There are more than 400 active hyperlocal websites in the UK, compared with 1,045 local papers. New sites are being uncovered by researchers on a daily basis. One in ten say they use local community websites or apps at least weekly (7 per cent in 2013). 17 per cent of UK internet users use websites
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or apps each week for news about their local area or community; a further 31 per cent do so quarterly. Consumption of this content online is increasing. The most common topic covered by hyperlocal media is community activities e.g. festivals, clubs and societies, local councils and the services they provide. Functional information about community events, services, local weather and traffic, are the most popular content types with hyperlocal audiences. Investigative reporting, which has helped uncover controversial new information about local civic issues or events, has been produced by almost half of the UK’s online hyperlocal publishers in the last two years." (Pages 4-5)
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"The five reports that make up this collection are variously concerned with humanitarian aid, social and cultural evolution, crisis response, the mitigation of cultural divides, and political unrest. The themes that bind them are an international movement towards public safety; a trust-based relatio
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nship between states and citizens; community led social development; and the capacity of social media and big data to make use of, and amplify, the thoughts and voices of under-represented elements of society. Importantly, the reports also begin to question the inluence these violent contexts are having on the development of social media, where communities in crises utilise and shape these new technologies though real-time engagement. The potential of these media is being maximised to such an extent that these platforms are under strain, and developers are increasingly learning how to adapt to the needs of a variety of audiences in volatile contexts." (Introduction, page 6)
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"We see the smartphone more clearly as the defining device for digital news with a disruptive impact on consumption, formats, and business models. Our data suggest it provides an environment dominated by a few successful brands, with others struggling to reach a wider audience, both via apps and bro
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wsers. The move to online video, new visual formats, and social media coincides in many countries with a fall in audiences for traditional TV bulletins. The trend is most pronounced amongst the under 35s. We see a strengthening in the role played by Facebook in finding, discussing and sharing news. Facebook-owned Instagram and WhatsApp are playing a big role amongst younger groups." (Executive summary)
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"Die spanische und lateinamerikanische Literatur und ihre institutionelle und mediale Vermittlung in den deutschen Buchmarkt sind Gegenstand des vorliegenden Bandes. Die Interferenzen zwischen dem spanisch- und dem deutschsprachigen Literaturbetrieb werden von ausgewiesenen Experten aus Wissenschaft
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und Praxis anhand von Fallstudien dokumentiert und kartographiert." (Verlagsbeschreibung)
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"Radio und Fernsehen sind unverändert die Leitmedien in allen Lebenswelten. Sie bleiben die meistgenutzten Medien in allen Milieus. Das Internet hat in den avantgardistischen Milieus der Performer und des expeditiven Milieus die höchste Reichweite. Tageszeitungen erreichen diese Milieus nur noch i
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n geringem Maße und werden vor allem von den konservativen und traditionellen Milieus gelesen. Die Gesamtnutzungsdauer der Medien unterscheidet sich zwischen den Milieus nur wenig und liegt netto bei ca. 8,5 Stunden täglich. Fernsehen und Radio haben wie in der Reichweite die größten Anteile an der Nutzungsdauer. Das Internet kann im expeditiven Milieu die Werte von Fernsehen und Radio übertreffen, bleibt aber vor allem in den traditionellen Milieus deutlich dahinter. Die Tageszeitung spielt mit einer täglichen Nutzungsdauer von 23 Minuten hier nur eine geringe Rolle. Die Nutzungsmotive für die einzelnen Medien sind in allen Milieus ähnlich. Information ist für alle tagesaktuellen Medien außer Radio das am häufigsten genannte Nutzungsmotiv, bei Radio steht der Spaß noch vor dem Informationsbedürfnis. Spaß steht für das Internet und das Fernsehen an zweiter, für die Tageszeitung erst an vierter Stelle. Beim Direktvergleich der Medien belegt Fernsehen in der Gesamtbevölkerung für alle Motive die erste Stelle („trifft am meisten/an zweiter Stelle zu auf...“). Die modernen Milieus erfüllen ihre Informationsbedürfnisse (Denkanstöße, Information und nützliche Alltagsdinge) aber immer mehr im Internet. Radio kann sich in fast allen Milieus bei Entspannung und Spaß an die zweite Stelle setzen." (Fazit, Seite 440-441)
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"This report, which has been produced by a group of distinguished journalists and their supporters, examines the broad scope of the crisis. It covers countries where media are on the frontline of tough political battles, such as Egypt and Turkey. In Ukraine, for instance, the practice of paid-for jo
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urnalism is a tool routinely used by politicians at election time. The same is true in India. In other countries, including Nigeria, Philippines, and Colombia the precarious working conditions of news staff provide fertile conditions for corruption and “brown envelopes” or under-the-table cash payments to reporters and editors which are a routine feature of journalistic work. The struggles facing journalists in settled democracies, such as the United Kingdom and Denmark, are less brazen, but no less challenging and in a range of countries across the Western Balkans with a shared and painful history, media corruption hinders aspirations to break free from the legacy of war, censorship and political control during decades of communist rule. The story is of an uphill struggle. Everywhere there is a crisis of confidence inside newsrooms caused by crumbling levels of commitment to ethics, a lowering of the status of journalistic work and a pervasive lack of transparency over advertising, ownership and corporate and political affiliations. Government control over lucrative state advertising, which is often allocated to media according to their political bias, remains widespread. At the same time, the elimination in most countries of the invisible wall separating editorial and advertising has created a surge of so-called “native advertising,” hidden advertorials and paid-for journalism. It was this conflict of interest that plunged the crisis-prone UK press into a new bout of handwringing in February 2015 when Peter Oborne, a leading political journalist, quit his job at the Daily Telegraph accusing the management of censoring stories about HSBC bank, a leading advertiser caught up in a tax scandal. These reports tell essentially the same story of deep cuts in editorial investment, undue pressure on newsrooms, and media increasingly dependent upon atypical models of ownership in which media have become the trophy possessions of powerful figures and institutions in pursuit of wider corporate and political objectives." (Introduction, page iii-iv)
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"Este libro nace como una propuesta que busca dar visibilidad a una serie de iniciativas sociales e investigaciones enmarcadas en el ámbito de la comunicación, los conflictos y el cambio social, que en ocasiones no tienen los espacios ni la cobertura necesaria en los contextos académicos. Su obje
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tivo es mostrar buenas prácticas que apoyen el desarrollo de las actividades profesionales y de intervención social de los comunicadores y los activistas, además de favorecer el pensamiento crítico sobre la violencia que se transmite desde el periodismo, el cine o la publicidad, entre otros. En un escenario como el actual, en el que los medios de comunicación están sometidos a un acelerado proceso de concentración y mercantilización que daña su papel como garantes de una democracia de alta calidad, cobra más relevancia que nunca la investigación y la reflexión que favorezcan la difusión de una información plural, responsable, crítica contra las injusticias y que aborde las cuestiones centrales de interés colectivo. La comunicación para el cambio social, o los diferentes conceptos que sirven para detallar una comunicación transformadora, se posiciona como un enfoque de contrapoder que busca revertir los discursos de control. Un posicionamiento ético que incentiva la autonomía de las personas en cuanto a sus capacidades de reflexión, crítica y análisis, especialmente en relación a la violencia que margina, excluye e invisibiliza. Otro objetivo de este tipo de comunicación es promover la participación de los ciudadanos en los debates y en las decisiones comunes que impliquen una mejora de sus sociedades, en un contexto de reconocimiento mutuo." (Introducción, página 11)
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"Este documento ofrece una serie de cifras y perspectivas claves para ayudar a los profesionales del sector editorial de todo el mundo a entender la transformación que está teniendo lugar en los mercados en idioma español y portugués, así como las oportunidades de negocio derivadas de dicha tra
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nsformación." (Página 3)
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"We asked writers and researchers to examine the quality of coverage and to highlight reporting problems as well as good work. The conclusions from many different parts of the world are remarkably similar: journalism under pressure from a weakening media economy; political bias and opportunism that
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drives the news agenda; the dangers of hate-speech, stereotyping and social exclusion of refugees and migrants. But at the same time there have been inspiring examples of careful, sensitive and ethical journalism that have shown empathy for the victims. In most countries the story has been dominated by two themes – numbers and emotions. Most of the time coverage is politically led with media often following an agenda dominated by loose language and talk of invasion and swarms. At other moments the story has been laced with humanity, empathy and a focus on the suffering of those involved." (Introduction, page 5-6)
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"This is a book about free speech narratives. Stories about how imagination and rational thinking in wildly different cultures capture, imagine, and conceptualize what freedom of speech means. 1989 and 2011 are only two recent (in historic perspective) turning points when freedom of speech and freed
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om of the press emerged, or at least powerful efforts were made to support its emergence, although disheartening backlashes followed in several countries. This book also tells many other free speech narratives that emerged, or evolved outside the frames of 1989 and 2011, also with several troublesome repercussions. The fall of the Berlin wall in 1989, the year of largely velvet revolutions (in the words of Vaclav Havel), brought freedom of speech to Central Europe and Eastern Europe. It also increased the hope that freedom of speech and democracy can prevail in more and more countries on the earth. This book examines, in some historic perspective, to what extent this hope has become reality since and prior to 1989, also in light of the Arab revolutions of 2011." (Introduction, page 1)
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"International radio broadcasters took on a centrally important role during the Cold War. Founded at the beginning of the 1950s, Radio Free Europe (RFE) was to become both a political instrument for influencing public opinion and one of the few alternative sources of information for many people livi
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ng to the east of the Iron Curtain. The contributions in this publication illustrate the political, social, and cultural context within which RFE operated at the time; they explore the journalistic practices used in RFE; and they analyze the content of the broadcasts and the responses of RFE’s listeners." (Back cover)
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"Based on 25 in-person and skype meetings and extensive desk research, we identified a significant trend in the journalistic ecosystem in which information is created, delivered and monetized: the trend toward distributed production and delivery and subsequent absence of monetizing capacity and infr
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astructure. We concluded with confidence that quality journalism is a self-supporting proposition in this new ecosystem, and even a quite profitable one. We identified 52 means to generate revenue or reduce costs, and we identified what is lacking in and obstructing development toward the profitable exploitation of quality journalism in the digital age." (Itnroduction, page 1)
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"Die Nutzung von sozialen Medien ist 2015 ein weiteres Jahr in Folge nicht angestiegen. Die wahrscheinlichste Ursache hierfür ist, dass private Kommunikation verstärkt ins Instant Messaging – namentlich WhatsApp – abwandert. In der jungen Zielgruppe steigen vor allem die Nutzerzahlen der Fotoc
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ommunity Instagram, womit sie sich in dieser Altersgruppe als zweitgrößtes Netzwerk hinter Facebook positioniert. 43 Prozent aller Onliner (24 Millionen Menschen) nutzen zumindest selten Online- Communitys wie Facebook. Fotocommunitys erreichen insgesamt 15 Prozent (8 Millionen) aller Onliner, Twitter kommt auf eine Reichweite von 7 Prozent (4 Millionen). Den größten Nutzerkreis können Instant-Messaging-Dienste wie WhatsApp versammeln: 59 Prozent aller Onliner (33 Millionen) verwenden diese zumindest gelegentlich. Bei der Nachrichtennutzung über soziale Medien sind Apps wichtiger geworden. Medienanbieter können diesen Umstand nutzen, ihre Rezipienten auch auf diesen Wegen zu erreichen. Beliebt ist die Nachrichtennutzung über Onlinecommunitys vor allem bei den unter 30-Jährigen: Gut jeder fünfte Onliner zwischen 14 und 29 Jahren informiert sich mindestens einmal wöchentlich auf diese Weise über das aktuelle Geschehen, 14 Prozent tun dies täglich." (Zusammenfassung)
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"Das Fernsehen ist nach wie vor das reichweitenstärkste Medium zur Information und Meinungsbildung. Mit einer „informierenden“ Tagesreichweite von knapp 60% liegt es deutlich vor dem Radio (51%) und der Tageszeitung mit 35% [...] Bei der informierenden Nutzung gestern zeigen sich deutliche Zusa
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mmenhänge mit dem Alter und Geschlecht sowie der formaler Bildung: Unter 30-Jährige informieren sich eher über das Internet als via Tageszeitung. In dieser Altersgruppe liegt das Internet sogar bereits um 10 Prozentpunkte vor dem Fernsehen klar auf Rangplatz 1. Frauen informieren sich insgesamt und insbesondere im Internet deutlich weniger (23 zu 35%). Allerdings ist die Tagesreichweite des Internets (allgemeine Nutzung) bei Frauen auch deutlich geringer als bei Männern (54 zu 65%). Ähnlich wie bei Männern verhält es sich bei formal höher Gebildeten: Insgesamt informiert sich diese Gruppe überproportional oft. Das Internet – und auch Zeitschriften, wenn auch auf niedrigerem Niveau – sind überdurchschnittlich relevant." (Seite 51-52)
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