Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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The politics of impunity: A study of journalists’ experiential accounts of impunity in Bulgaria, Democratic Republic of Congo, India, Mexico and Pakistan

Jackie Harrison, Stefanie Pukallus

Journalism, volume 22, issue 2 (2021), pp. 303-319

"Definitions of impunity regarding crimes against journalists have thus far been too narrow. Therefore, we propose a new approach to understanding impunity as also being grounded in journalists’ lived reality and perceptions to better understand the complexity and breadth of impunity. It is based ... more

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Live from my Living Room: Perceived Organizational Support Among TV News Workers During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Rebecca Coates Nee, Lourdes M. Cueva Chacón

Electronic News, volume 15, issue 3–4 (2021), pp. 75–94

"As members of the media, TV news workers were considered essential employees during the COVID-19 pandemic. Many employees went into the field to cover stories related to the pandemic, which included anti-mask and lock-down protests. This mixed-methods study explored the extent to which TV news work ... more

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Media capture in Central and Eastern Europe: The corrosive impact on democracy and desecration of journalistic ethics

William Horsley

In: The Routledge Companion to Journalism Ethics

Lada Trifonova Price; Karen Sanders; Wendy N. Wyatt (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 9 pp.

"This chapter examines the root causes, development, and corrosive effects of the progressive “capture” of influential media by populist governments and other vested interests in Central and Eastern Europe over the past 20 years. Many countries in the region have proved vulnerable to media captu ... more

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Female Journalists and Safety Challenges in Selected Media Organizations in Kano State, Nigeria

Hadiza Jummai Ibrahim, Binta Rabi'u Spikin

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 366-393

"Journalism schools have being witnessing an increase in female enrollment in Nigeria, but this is not proportional to the number of women who work in media organizations. For the women who eventually get employed as journalists, they experience various safety challenges which affect their advanceme ... more

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Reckoning With #MeToo and the Aftermath: Perception of Workplace Harassment, Sexism, and the #MeToo Movement Among Journalists in India

Prabhjot Kaur Sohal

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 104-118

"In 2017, following the #MeToo movement stirred by the public outing of Hollywood producer Harvey Weinstein, the safety of women at the workplace became a prime agenda for international news media. Although far from being truly inclusive, the #MeToo movement rapidly spread to other parts of the worl ... more

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Conclusion: Fostering Gender Equality and Safety in Journalism Profession

Baris Çoban, Bora Ataman

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 394-298

"Journalism is a two-faced mirror that both generates and reflects social inequalities: Both people's experiences within news organizations and the content published by them make the gender inequality visible. We can define journalism, just like all other patriarchal institutions, as an institution ... more

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An investigation into Risks to Mental Health of Bangladeshi Journalists

Md. Aminul Islam, Sarkar Barbaq Quarmal, Apon Das

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 167-193

"Mental health in workplaces is a global concern today, and Bangladesh is not an exception to that. It is a big concern in journalism as good journalism depends on healthy journalists and news organizations. Most of the scholarships on the topic have been done from the perspective of western and dev ... more

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Surviving Mexico: Resistance and Resilience Among Journalists in the Twenty-First Century

Celeste González de Bustamante, Jeannine E. Relly

Austin: University of Texas Press (2021), xiv, 288 pp.

"Since 2000, more than 150 journalists have been killed in Mexico. Today the country is one of the most dangerous in the world in which to be a reporter. In Surviving Mexico, Celeste González de Bustamante and Jeannine E. Relly examine the networks of political power, business interests, and organi ... more

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Using Facebook to Discuss Aspects of Industry Safety: How Women Journalists Enact Ethics of Care in Online Professional Space

Kelsey Mesmer, M. Rosie Jahng

Journalism Studies, volume 8 (2021), pp. 1083-1102

"This survey-based case study explored members' motives for using a closed Facebook group specifically for women journalists. Particularly, we explored a motivation based on the feminist ethics of care and members' experiences of harassment, job satisfaction, and confidence in discussing safety issu ... more

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Covering conflict: Safety, sanity and responsibility

Jonathan Munro

In: Insights on Peace and Conflict Reporting

Kristin Skare Orgeret (ed.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 13 pp.

"The chapter reflects upon reporting conflict based on the author’s own experiences from several decades in the field. Exploring the assessments being made around risk and safety as Head of Newsgathering at the BBC, decisions which have echoes in the themes of this book. Through a personal practic ... more

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Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism: An Introduction

Sadia Jamil, Gifty Appiah-Adjei

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 1-7

"International media monitoring organisations have continually called for commitment of critical actors of free expression and media freedom to ensure the safety of journalists in their strive for open societies. Another dimension to this call is the need to draw attention to the issue of gender-bas ... more

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“We Have to act Like our Devices are Already Infected”: Investigative Journalists and Internet Surveillance

Philip Di Salvo

Journalism Practice, volume 16, issue 9 (2021), pp. 1849-1866

"Internet surveillance has become a crucial issue for journalism. The “Snowden moment” has shed light on the risks that journalists and their sources face while communicating online and has shown how journalists themselves can be targets of surveillance operations or other forms of malicious dig ... more

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Confronting Freedom to Inform With Freedom of Expression: The Case of Online Attacks of Journalists in Ghana

Gifty Appiah-Adjei

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 269-296

"Globally, there is an increase in online attacks on journalists with gender dimensions to these attacks. Also, it is established that digital innovations have augmented free expression and the augmentation allows means for online attacks. Though evidence submits that studies on the problem of onlin ... more

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Health and Safety Risks to Journalists During Pandemics

Sayyed Fawad Ali Shah, Faizullah Jan, Muhammad Ittefaq

In: Handbook of Research on Discrimination, Gender Disparity, and Safety Risks in Journalism

Sadia Jamil; Baris Çoban; Bora Ataman; Gifty Appiah-Adjei (eds.)

Hershey, PA: IGI Global (2021), pp. 90-103

"Journalists play a critical role in the dissemination of health information to the public. This chapter explores the challenges created by COVID-19 for journalists in Pakistan. It also examines how the pandemic has shed light on the disparities and safety risks in the Pakistani journalism and expos ... more

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Journalism safety in the time of populism: A cautionary tale from the US

Elena Cosentino

In: Populism, the Pandemic and the Media: Journalism in the age of Covid, Trump, Brexit and Johnson

John Mair; Tor Clark; Neil Fowler; Raymond Snoddy; Richard Tait (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), 9 pp.

"How did the home of freedom of expression become a very dangerous place to report the democratic process? Elena Cosentino, director of the International News Safety Institute, says the American experience is a lesson for us all." (Abstract)

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Online harassment of journalists as a consequence of populism, mis/disinformation, and impunity

Jeannine E. Relly

In: The Routledge Companion to Media Disinformation and Populism

Howard Tumber; Silvio Waisbord (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2021), pp. 178-187

"This chapter aims to examine additional factors associated with populism, disinformation and online harassment of journalists in an environment of impunity, though the relationship between digital communication and populism has been analysed since the late 1990s. It considers strategies that have b ... more

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Breaking the Silence: An Investigation into the Murder of Zubair Mujahid

Jos Midas Bartman, Saskia Baas

Free Press Unlimited;Committee to Protect Journalists (CPJ);Reporters Without Borders (2021), 30 pp.

"Zubair Mujahid was a journalist from Mirpurkhas in Pakistan whose stories exposed corruption and human rights abuses. His stories and columns were published in the Daily Jang, an Urdu language newspaper based in Karachi, Pakistan’s largest urban centre. On 23 November 2007, Zubair was shot while ... more

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Report on Media Freedom in Moldova

Freedom House;USAID (2021), 11 pp.

"The media sector in Moldova is diverse. Dogged investigative reporting plays a vital role in public life. However, the legal framework governing the sector is unstable and underdeveloped. In 2020, much of the country’s political class treated the independent press with hostility, viewing journali ... more

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Understanding Journalist Killings

Sabine C. Carey, Anita R. Gohdes

Journal of Politics, volume 83, issue 4 (2021), pp. 1216–1228

"Why do state authorities murder journalists? We show that the majority of journalists are killed in democracies and present an argument that focuses on institutional differences between democratic states. In democracies, journalists will most likely be targeted by local state authorities that have ... more

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Reporting under fear and threats: The deadly cost of being a journalist in Pakistan and India

Sadia Jamil, Prabhjot Sohal

World of Media: Journal of Russian Media and Journalism Studies, issue 2 (2021), pp. 5-33

"The journalists’ right to perform their watchdog role and to do their routine jobs without fear of being killed, kidnapped, harassed, and attacked is a topic of utmost importance for freedom of the media and freedom of expression. However, in the past decade, journalists’ killings across the gl ... more