Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

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Pacific journalists training in dealing with psychological trauma when covering climate change

Dart Research Center

UNESCO (2017), ?? pp.

"The safety of journalists is not only about physical wellbeing. Safety extends to protection against impending psychological injury resulting from exposure to violence, conflict, disaster and tragedy. Both psychological safety and physical safety are inextricably linked. Research shows that people ... more

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What’s Wrong with War Journalism? Why and how legal aspects of conflicts need better reporting

Stig A. Nohrstedt, Rune Ottosen

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 241-254

"This chapter deals with whether war journalism in mainstream media is fit to take a fourth estate role in reporting the new wars, from the end of the Cold War in 1989 to the present war against the so-called Islamic State. In particular, it is a critical study of shortcomings when it comes to provi ... more

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Disrupting the disruption: A key role for academics in the protection of freedom of expression

Agnès Callamard

Media Asia, volume 44 (2017), pp. 2-7

"Agnes Callamard argues that academics have unique responsibilities in a dark era of violence." (Abstract)

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Assessing Indonesian journalist threats: Cases, actors and motives

Masduki

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 25-32

"This paper serves as a review of crimes committed against journalist in Indonesia within the past six years (2010–2015). This work draws primarily on the annual reports made by the Alliance of Independence Journalist (AJI), the prominent association of journalists in Indonesia. The first part int ... more

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How journalists survived to report: Professionalism and risk management in the reporting of terror groups and violent extremism in North East Nigeria

Umaru A. Pate, Hamza Idris Idris

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 159-170

"The Boko Haram terrorism and violent extremism that ravaged North East Nigeria and Republics of Chad, Niger and Cameroons from 2009-2015 exposed weaknesses in the safety policy and protocols for local journalists in times and zones of tension in Nigeria. Boko Haram terrorists killed 30,000 people a ... more

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Journalism Schools Must Include Safety Courses in Curricula

Magda Abu-Fadil

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 113-118

"Too many journalists are victims of violence and impunity, and more should be done in academia to prepare media students for the perils they are likely to face. I urge all faculty members at this conference to incorporate a course on safety for journalists in their curricula. It’s not a luxury; i ... more

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Internal Threats and Safety of Journalists: A Study from India

Sriram Arulchelvan

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 227-230

"Journalists face numerous threats from different stakeholders. In developing countries, internal threats coming from inside media organizations – threats that have a serious impact on the professional, economic and psychological lives of journalists – are less researched. This research is an at ... more

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The ghost in the news room: The legacy of Kenya’s 2007 post-election violence and the constraints on journalists covering Kenya’s 2013 General Election

Lisa Weighton, Patrick McCurdy

Journal of Eastern African Studies, volume 11, issue 4 (2017), pp. 649-669

"Domestic journalists covering Kenya’s 2013 General Election worked in an exceptionally challenging media environment; one which was significantly shaped by the 2007 election and post-election violence (PEV). Rooted in literature on peace journalism (PJ), we examine how the PEV of Kenya’s 2007 p ... more

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Indian Women Journalists’ Responses to Sexism and Sexual Harassment

Kalyani Chadha, Linda Steiner, Pallavi Guha

International Communication Research Journal, volume 52, issue 1 (2017), ?? pp.

"This research examines the everyday sexism and workplace sex discrimination experienced by women journalists in India. Nearly all of the popular and scholarly attention to the experiences of Indian women journalists has focused on high profile instances of rape and sexual assault. But this focus on ... more

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Reporting from the Danger Zone: Frontline Journalists, Their Jobs, and an Increasingly Perilous Future

Maria Armoudian

London; New York: Routledge (2017), 165 pp.

"Journalism is a dangerous business when one’s "beat" is a war zone. Armoudian reveals the complications facing frontline journalists who cover warzones, hot spots and other hazardous situations. It compares yesterday’s conflict journalism, which was fraught with its own dangers, with today’s ... more

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Trauma counseling for journalists: A profession in denial

Gowri Ananthan

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 17-20

"Research suggests between 80 and 90% of journalists have been exposed to a work-related traumatic events such as murder, mass casualties, war and natural disasters. Most journalists exhibit resilience despite repeated exposure to such traumatic events. However, a significant minority are at risk fo ... more

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Journalists as Victims and Perpetrators of Violence

Matt Carlson

In: News of Baltimore: Race, Rage and the City

Linda Steiner; Silvio Waisbord (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2017), 17 pp.

"This chapter explores the complicated ways in which journalists became subjects within the stories of Ferguson and Baltimore through a particular focus on the discursive identification of journalists as either victims or perpetrators of violence. It focuses on two evaluative frameworks: journalists ... more

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Violence, co-optation and corruption: Risks for the exercise of journalism and freedom of expression in Mexico

Armando Rodríguez Luna

In: Beyond the Drug War in Mexico: Human Rights, the Public Sphere and Justice

W. G. Pansters; Benjamin T. Smith; Peter Watt (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2017), pp. 97-110

"Freedom of expression is a cornerstone of democratic society and essential for the formation of an informed public opinion. A society that is not well informed is never totally free. This chapter examines the interplay of external and internal risks on press freedom in five Mexican states. The conc ... more

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Violence against journalists: Suppressing media freedom

Mona Badran

In: Digital Transformation in Journalism and News Media

Mike Friedrichsen; Yahya Kamalipour (eds.)

Cham: Springer (2017), pp. 417-427

"Freedom of expression is a basic human right that is crucial for respectable governance, human dignity and the application of the rule of law. However, due to the circumstances we are currently facing that include the increase in the rate of violence and crimes, it is seriously essential to provide ... more

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Trouble in paradise? Self-censorship, outside interference and harassment of journalists in Finland

Ilmari Hiltunen

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 66-70

"Contrary to popular belief, being at or near the top of media freedom rankings doesn’t mean a country is free from interference and threats to journalists’ safety, Ilmari Hiltunen observes. When talking about censorship and journalism the attention has usually been focused on explicit violence ... more

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Monitor, harass and discredit with Chinese characteristics: Foreign correspondents’ working condition in China

Yuan Zeng

Media Asia, volume 44, issue 1 (2017), pp. 48-54

"Yuan Zeng analyses the mixed uncodified strategies that Chinese authorities use to obstruct the work of foreign journalists." (Abstract)

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Journalists and Political Sources in Nigeria: Between Information Subsidies and Political Pressures

Rodney Ciboh

International Journal of Press/Politics, volume 22, issue 2 (2017), pp. 185-201

"The relationship between journalists and political sources has been characterized by a tug of war between reporters and officials where top politicians have the upper hand in the coproduction of news through their ability to provide critical information subsidies that most news media rely on. The d ... more

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Global violence against journalists: The power of impunity and emerging initiatives to evoke social change

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste Gonzalez de Bustamante

In: Routledge Companion to Media and Human Rights

Howard Tumber; Silvio Waisbord (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2017), 10 pp.

"Civic organizations, groups like Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch, play a key role in the production and circulation of human rights discourses. Scholars have examined the strategies civic organizations use to attract media coverage, the permeability of the news media to human rights me ... more

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The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression: Words of Introduction

Ulla Carlsson, Reeta Pöyhtäri

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 11-20

"People who exercise their right to freedom of expression through journalism should be able to practice their work without restrictions. They are, nonetheless, the constant targets of violence and threats. In an era of globalization and digitization, no single party can alone carry the responsibilit ... more

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Australian News Photographers, Safety and Trauma

Fay Anderson

In: The Assault on Journalism. Building Knowledge to Protect Freedom of Expression

Ulla Carlsson; Reeta Pöyhtäri (eds.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2017), pp. 231-234

"This chapter illuminates new understanding about the dangers experienced by Australian news photographers on international and domestic assignments. Using oral history methodology, the interviews with 60 present and former Australian newspaper photographers revealed a litany of psychologically and ... more