Safety of Journalists CFOM Sheffield

The Centre for Freedom of the Media (CFOM) at the University of Sheffield (UK) is an interdisciplinary research centre with global outreach on issues of media freedom, journalism safety, editorial standards and impunity. During the 2022 Academic Consultation on the UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity, CFOM conducted a literature stocktake to scope out academic literature published in the area of media freedom, journalism safety and impunity. CFOM collated this information and produced a literature database organised by themes or countries for accessibility. The collection is especially strong on country- and region-specific safety issues and on surveys of emotional wellbeing of journalists. This special collection is curated by gemma.horton@sheffield.ac.uk.

Filter

1001

Sort by:

Direction:

External Link (23)

Google Scholar (23)

WorldCat (23)

Mexico: Structural Challenges for Women in News Media

Aimée Vega Montiel, Patricia Ramírez Ortega

In: The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism

Carolyn M. Byerly (eds.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), pp. 284-300

"This chapter will analyze women’s access to and participation in Mexico’s news media. At the intersections of feminism and the political economy of communication, we will put into context the findings for Mexico in the Global Report on the Status of Women in the News Media (Global Report) (Byer ... more

External Link (18)

Google Scholar (19)

WorldCat (18)

Job demands, coping, and impacts of occupational stress among journalists: A systematic review

Susana Monteiro, Marques Pinto, Alexandra, Magda Sofia Roberto

European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, volume 25, issue 5 (2016), pp. 751-772

"This paper systematically reviews empirical research published from 2002 to July 2015 investigating journalists’ occupational stressors, coping strategies, and the impacts of these variables on the health and well-being of such professionals, whether on their daily work or as special envoys to cr ... more

External Link (20)

On the Need to Amend Chapter XV of the Special Section of the Criminal Code of Ukraine

Lyudmila Mostepanyuk

Journal of Eastern European Law, volume 24 (2016), pp. 57-61

"The article deals with the issue of establishing criminal liability for crimes against journalists. Areas of research on this subject are identified. The basic research and publications on issues are reviewed. The need for introducing such liability is investigated. It is indicated that several spe ... more

External Link (27)

Google Scholar (25)

WorldCat (25)

Kidnapping of Journalists: Reporting from High-Risk Conflict Zones

Robert. G Picard, Hannah Storm

Tauris; Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism (2016), vii, 100 pp.

"The vulnerability of journalists to kidnappings was starkly illustrated by the killing of James Foley and Steven Sotloff by Islamic militants in 2014. Their murder underscored the risks taken by journalists and news organisations trying to cover developments in dangerous regions of the world and ha ... more

External Link (22)

Journalist Security in the Digital World: A Survey. Are We Using the Right Tools?

Javier Garza Ramos

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2016), 13 pp.

"This survey was designed to measure how journalists around the world take advantage of technology to enhance their security. The results suggest that there is a general lack of awareness about the power that digital tools have to improve a journalist’s protection. There are scores of organization ... more

External Link (29)

Google Scholar (23)

WorldCat (23)

Chile: Female Journalists Without Access to Power

Claudia Lagos, Claudia Mellado

In: The Palgrave International Handbook of Women and Journalism

Carolyn M. Byerly (ed.)

Basingstoke, Hampshire; New York: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), pp. 226-237

"In March 2006, socialist politician Michelle Bachelet became not only the first woman to assume the presidency of Chile, but also the first female president in South America. Bachelet appointed a cabinet with an equal number of men and women. Although there were several other changes to her cabinet ... more

External Link (17)

Google Scholar (16)

WorldCat (16)

Damaging and daunting: Female journalists’ experiences of sexual harassment in the newsroom

Louise North

Feminist Media Studies, volume 16, issue 3 (2016), pp. 495-510

"Female journalists’ experiences of sexual harassment are barely documented in the literature about Australian news journalism despite evidence of its ongoing prevalence. There have been some stories of harassment detailed in autobiographies by female journalists and the occasional article in the ... more

External Link (24)

Google Scholar (21)

WorldCat (21)

Reporting Dangerously: Journalist Killings, Intimidation and Security

Simon Cottle, Richard Sambrook, Nick Mosdell

Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan (2016), ix, 224 pp.

"Examines the statistics and looks at the trends in journalist killings and intimidation around the world. It identifies what factors have led to this rise and positions these in historical and global contexts. This important study also provides case studies and first-hand accounts from journalists ... more

External Link (22)

Google Scholar (19)

WorldCat (19)

Journalism Under Threat: Intimidation and Harassment of Swedish journalists

Henrik Monica Lögren & Örnebring Nilsson

Journalism Practice, volume 10, issue 7 (2016), pp. 880-890

"Previous studies of intimidation and harassment of journalists have (rightly) focused on non-democratic and authoritarian nations and/or transitional/emerging democracies. In this article, we examine the situation in Sweden, a country with strong de facto and de jure safeguards of journalistic free ... more

External Link (27)

Google Scholar (23)

WorldCat (21)

The Kidnapping of Journalists: Reporting from High-Risk Conflict Zones

Robert G. Picard, Hannah Storm

London: Tauris (2016), vii, 100 pp.

"This book explores the complex organisational issues surrounding the capture or kidnapping of journalists in areas of conflict and risk. It explores how journalists 'becoming news' is covered and the implications of that coverage, how news organisations prepare for and respond to such events, and h ... more

External Link (14)

Mexican Journalism, Still in the Line of Fire

Rosario Carmona

Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2016), 9 pp.

"Sadly, attacks on journalists in Mexico are nothing new. In April 2012, CIMA published a report detailing the violence against the media and recommending steps that the Mexican government could take in order to remedy the situation. The government of Mexico did enact some measures to protect journa ... more

External Link (23)

Women in war: Challenges and possibilities for female journalists covering wars and conflicts

Kristin Skare Orgeret

In: Freedom of Expression and Media in Transition: Studies and Reflections in the Digital Age

Ulla Carlsson (ed.)

Göteborg: Nordicom (2016), pp. 165-176

"The chapter takes as its starting point the notion that journalists’ safety is a precondition for free expression and free media. Based on interviews and discussions with experienced female war and conflict journalists from seven countries worldwide, the discussion evolves around questions linked ... more

External Link (29)

Press Freedom, Governance, and Culture of Impunity: The Alarming Case of the Philippines

Danilo Araña Arao

4th International Conference on Magsaysay Awardees: Good Governance and Transformative Leadership in Asia (2016), pp. 225-234

"Ending the culture of impunity requires strengthening the culture of resistance. Impunity results in the dearth or absence of press freedom which, in turn, has deleterious effects on the practice of journalism as the people are deprived of relevant information that could help shape public opinion. ... more

External Link (26)

Google Scholar (24)

WorldCat (25)

Social Media Use, Journalism, and Violence In The Northern Mexico Border

Jeannine E Relly, Celeste González de Bustamante

In: The Routledge Companion to Digital Journalism Studies

Scott A. II Eldridge, Bob Franklin (eds.)

London; New York: Routledge (2016), 10 pp.

"The chapter describes how social media is utilized in an environment of heightened violence and indicates that numerous journalists from 18 cities often use social media to forge cross-border relationships with colleagues. It focuses on a study of social media use by journalists and bloggers report ... more

External Link (20)

Google Scholar (19)

WorldCat (19)

Risk and journalism in the digital age

Adrian Hadland

African Journalism Studies, volume 36, issue 1 (2015), pp. 129-134

"The shocking beheading of several Western journalists during 2014, including the Americans Steven Sotloff and James Foley and the Briton David Haines, and the wide dissemination of their murder videos on the Internet, is a graphic, gruesome signal that something has changed in the relationship betw ... more

External Link (25)

Google Scholar (24)

WorldCat (23)

Bravery or Bravado? The Protection of News Providers in Armed Conflict

Nina Burri

Brill (2015), xviii, 450 pp.

"During the last decade, the image of war correspondents in the news has shifted dramatically. Reports are no longer full of cheerleading stories of embedded journalists. Instead, stories of war reporters being attacked, kidnapped or injured prevail. Sadly, the former heroic witnesses to war have be ... more

Download (0)

Información entre el terror y el centavo: Derecho humano de libre información en el Valle del Cauca

Reporteros sin Fronteras; Federación Colombiana de Periodistas (Fecolper) (2015), 17 pp.

Download (1)

Focused Assessment of Media Development in Libya: Safety of Journalists and Professional Capacity Building. A Baseline Report Based on a Selection of UNESCO’s Media Development Indicators (categories 3 and 4)

Clara Tardy, Adrian Carriere

Altai Consulting; UNESCO (2015), 29 pp.

Download (0)

Prevent and Punish: In Search of Solutions to Fight Violence Against Journalists

Eduardo Bertoni

Paris: UNESCO (2015), 25 pp.

"This paper serves as an overview of the global pattern of crimes committed against media workers, the impunity connected with such acts, and the steps both the international community and individual states have taken to confront the situation. The first chapter introduces the magnitude of the trend ... more

Download (1)

Making Secondary Trauma a Primary Issue: A Study of Eyewitness Media and Vicarious Trauma on the Digital Frontline

Sam Dubberley, Elizabeth Griffin, Haluk Mert Bal

Istanbul: Eyewitness Media Hub (2015), 69 pp.

"The rapid and incredible growth of eyewitness media (also known as user-generated content or UGC) has led to the emergence of a new cadre of journalists, humanitarian and human rights professionals whose job it is to seek out, verify and edit the most disturbing and traumatic raw images captured by ... non professionals and posted online. These professionals are tasked with viewing and sifting through massive volumes of eyewitness media - that is, raw, unedited, authentic footage now captured regularly on smartphones - to enhance their investigations, reporting, operations, prosecutions and advocacy. Professionals who work with eyewitness media watch disturbing footage from war zones, natural and manmade disasters and accidents over and over again to verify its veracity and to edit out images that are deemed too extreme for viewing by the general public. Viewing traumatic images of death, destruction, blood and unimaginable horrors all day every day - often for years on end - is now an integral part of the daily work of many desk-bound staff working for news, human rights and humanitarian organisations who are often located thousands of miles away from where the actual horrors occur. Whether it is a broadcaster, publisher, human rights or humanitarian professional, symptoms associated with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are now evident amongst staff working in offices on what we call the digital frontline. This study builds upon previous research that proved that viewing distressing eyewitness media can lead psychological injury, including, but not restricted to, such conditions as PTSD and major depression. The principle aim of this research is to explore the following questions: How much distressing eyewitness media are professionals, who work in the three professional sectors, watching? How frequently, and in what volumes are professionals viewing distressing eyewitness media? What kinds of eyewitness media do professionals find particularly distressing?" What coping mechanisms, if any, have been developed by staff to help mitigate the potentially negative effects of viewing distressing content? - What support, if any, do professionals receive from their organisations and senior managers? - Does organisational culture encourage or prevent professionals from requesting support from their organisation’s hierarchy? What training and preparation is provided to raise awareness of or mitigate the adverse impact of trauma exposure on university graduates, newcomers and those established in post? What resources do organisations provide to prevent, mitigate and treat the adverse impact of trauma exposure? Which of those resources have been used? Which are found to be the most useful? What do staff who experience vicarious trauma need and expect from their organisations in order to support them? Based on an online survey (to which we received 209 responses from people working with eyewitness media across all three professional sectors) and 38 in-depth, anonymous interviews we find that: the impact of eyewitness media on journalism, human rights and humanitarian work means that the frontline is no longer geographic. A new type of frontline has emerged that is digital. Staff at an organisation’s headquarters who work with eyewitness media do so daily and often see more horror on a daily basis compared to their counterparts deployed in the field. Consequently, organisations have a duty of care towards office based staff working on the digital frontline who are at serious risk of vicarious trauma and PTSD [...] " (Executive summary, page 3-5) more