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"I have been asked by the Council of Europe Steering Committee on Media and Information Society (CDMSI) for a paper setting out the principles that can be drawn from the case-law of the European Court of Human Rights (“the Court”) relating to the protection and safety of journalists and journali
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Killing Me Softly with His Words: Censorship and Self-Censorship from the Perspective of Turkish Journalists
Turkish Studies, volume 14, issue 3 (2013), pp. 447-462
"Turkey is a country where democratization process has been repeatedly interrupted by military interventions in the past 50 years. Censorship and self-censorship have become ordinary practices in the media, mainly due to weak parliamentary representations followed by oppressive coup periods. Yet eve
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Concentration and self-censorship in commercial media
Journal of Public Economics, volume 97 (2013), pp. 117-130
"Given that over half the revenues of global newspaper publishing come from advertising (80% in the US and 57% in OECD countries, OECD, 2010), we study how media firms internalize the effect of their own coverage on advertisers' sales and hence on their own advertising revenues. We show, within a fr
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Reciprocity and risk in the work and lives of Kinshasa's TV journalists
Journal of African Cultural Studies, volume 25, issue 1 (2013), pp. 57-71
"Just like in many other sub-Saharan African countries, Kinshasa's media world has opened up in the mid 1990s. Especially since 2002, local TV stations have been mushrooming. This has not only led to a proliferation of media productions, but it has also enlarged the terrain of local journalists, in
...
Journalism in Afghanistan: Current and Post-2014 Threats and Journalist Safety Mechanisms
Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2013), 28 pp.
"This report seeks to provide an immediate overview of the current insecure media environment in which Afghan journalists work and the threat scenario potentially facing them after the 2014 withdrawal of international troops. The aim of the report is to provide input into local and international dis
...
The Protection of Journalists in Armed Conflicts: How Can They Be Better Safeguarded?
International and European Law, volume 29, issue 76 (2013), pp. 4-22
"The years 2011 and 2012 were among the most deadly for journalists reporting from conflict situations worldwide. The numbers of assaults, arrests and attacks have been on a constant rise and portray a dramatic image of the journalistic profession. In light of the increasing threats in armed conflic
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Journalists' Security in War Zones: Lessons from Syria
Beirut: Samir Kassir Foundation (2013), 30 pp.
"Stories of journalists entering conflict zones without basic equipment or first aid training are all too familiar; so too are reports of news outlets washing their hands of responsibility regarding commissioned freelancers. This needs to change, and it can, so long as enough voices in the industry
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In Their Own Voice: Technologically mediated empowerment and transformation among young Arab women
Feminist Media Studies, volume 13, issue 5 (2013), pp. 881-890
"This feminist, qualitative study sheds light on how young Arab women used cyberactivism to participate in the wave of political and social transformations widely known as the Arab Spring. It argues that these activists leveraged social media to enact new forms of leadership, agency, and empowerment
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Manual de autoprotección para periodistas
Bogotá: Fundación para la Libertad de Prensa (FLIP), 2nd ed. (2013), 79 pp.
UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity: Implementation Strategy 2013-2014
Paris: UNESCO (2013), 31 pp.
"This document provides the United Nations Implementation Strategy 2013-2014 of the UN Plan of Action on The Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity (hereafter referred to as the UN Plan). In addition to the Strategy, there is a detailed Work-Plan to put the Strategy into place." (Introducti
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Legal avenues for ending impunity for the death of journalists in conflict zones: Current and proposed international agreements
International Journal of Communication, volume 7 (2013), pp. 2157-2177
"Every bullet that kills a journalist in a warzone adds passion and urgency to calls for “something” to be done to better protect frontline media workers. International humanitarian law (the body of law that includes the Geneva Conventions) offers some avenues for legal redress, but problems wit
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Investigative Reporting at Risk: The Heroes and the Horrors behind Attacks on Journalists in Mexico
"Nearly 200 investigative journalists converged from all corners of the US-Mexico border at the salmon-colored Hotel Lucerna in Ciudad Juárez to discuss their targets: corrupt politicians, contaminators, criminals, rogues and wrong-doers of all stripes. The gathering came in late 1997-a high point
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UN Plan of Action on the Safety of Journalists and the Issue of Impunity
Paris: UNESCO, International Programme for the Development of Communication (IPDC) (2012), 8 pp.
"The Plan of Action aims to creating of a free and safe environment for journalists and media workers, both in conflict and non-conflict situations, with a view to strengthening peace, democracy and development worldwide. Its measures include, among other undertakings, the establishment of a coordin
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Hilfe für Journalisten in Not: Bericht zum internationalen Tag des Flüchtlings
Berlin: Reporter ohne Grenzen (2012), 9 pp.
"Durch ein vom Europäischen Flüchtlingsfonds (EFF) gefördertes einjähriges Projekt hat Reporter ohne Grenzen erstmals versucht, mehr über die Lebenssituation von nach Deutschland geflohenen Journalisten oder Bloggern in Erfahrung zu bringen. Dabei ging es vor allem darum, welche konkreten Probl
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The mediating effect of depression between exposure to potentially traumatic events and PTSD in news journalists
European Journal of Psychotraumatology, volume 3, issue 18388 (2012), 8 pp.
"Background: News journalists are an occupational group with a unique task at the scene of an unfolding crisis-to collect information and inform the public about the event. By being on location, journalists put themselves at risk for being exposed to the potentially traumatic event.
Objective: To co
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Covering Trauma in Canadian Journalism: Exploring the Challenges
Traumatology, volume 19, issue 3 (2012), pp. 210-222
"This critical ethnographic study is an investigation of the effects of witnessing trauma for Canadian journalists and photojournalists working on national and international assignments. Our primary aim is to describe our participants’ understanding of the effects of covering trauma, disaster, or
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Threats to the Right to Life of Journalists
Cambridge: University of Cambridge, Centre of Governance and Human Rights (CGHR) (2012), 23 pp.
"Journalists as a category of individuals are subjected to special risks of physical violence that amount to serious risks to their right to life. The current scale of threats to the lives and killings of journalists is a serious matter of concern. It shows an erosion of the rule of law and democrat
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Freedom of the Press 2012: Breakthroughs and Pushback in the Middle East. Selected Data from Freedom House's Annual Press Freedom Index
Washington, DC: Freedom House (2012), 40 pp.
"The improvements in the Arab world were the most significant findings of Freedom of the Press 2012: A Global Survey of Media Independence, the latest edition of an annual index published by Freedom House since 1980. The gains came on the heels of eight consecutive years of decline in the global ave
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Journalists’ emotional reactions after working with the Jokela school shooting incident
Media, War & Conflict, volume 5, issue 2 (2012), pp. 175–190
"Journalists’ psychological distress after working with the Jokela school shooting incident was examined with a mixed methods research design using a sample of 196 journalists (27 on the scene, 169 working indirectly with the crisis). Quantitative results were compared to those of a control group
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