Filter
1011
Featured
566
30
13
Topics
468
185
181
132
107
78
73
54
53
53
50
42
39
29
29
29
28
28
20
19
19
16
13
13
13
12
12
12
12
12
11
11
11
10
10
10
9
9
9
9
8
8
8
7
7
7
7
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Language
Document type
87
44
36
24
6
6
5
4
4
4
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
Countries / Regions
Authors & Publishers
Media focus
Publication Years
Methods applied
Journals
Output Type
"This chapter reviews the situation of violence against the press in Mexico and what each of the different actors involved is doing, or not doing, to address a problem that in some Mexican states has reached alarming crisis levels. The essay examines the political willingness and steps taken by the
...
The culture of impunity: What journalists need to know about international humanitarian law
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 78-95
"Whether they are nationals reporting wars occurring within their countries or international news media staff, journalists are facing growing dangers when covering conflict events. As civilians, they are protected to some extent by international humanitarian law (IHL). But what are these rules and h
...
Justifying Self-Censorship: A Perspective from Ethiopia
Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture, volume 7, issue 2 (2010), pp. 98-121
"This study investigates self-Censorship practices in Ethiopian state media institutions. Through indepth interviews with 61 journalists, the study discloses extensive use of self-Censorship on the part of journalists who try to conform to the expected reporting style of the state media. The journal
...
Safeguarding Speech: A Shield for Journalists under Threat
Harvard International Review, volume 32, issue 3 (2010), pp. 46-49
"Reporters Without Borders monitors abuse of journalists and freedom of the press around the world-a job increasing in difficulty. Since its creation in 1985, Reporters Without Borders (RWB) has become one of the largest international NGOs dedicated to defending press freedom and advocating for the
...
Handbook for Journalists
Paris: Reporters Without Borders; UNESCO (2010), 108 pp.
"This handbook is to help journalists working in war zones. There is no magic way to avoid a rocket attack or an ambush, but the tips here are based on common sense (which is too often ignored) and should help many journalists solve a lot of problems. We present basic press freedom documents, declar
...
Witnessing trauma in the newsroom: Posttraumatic symptoms in television journalists exposed to violent news clips
Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, volume 198, issue 4 (2010), pp. 264-271
"Employees working in television newsrooms are exposed to video footage of violent events on a daily basis. It is yet unknown whether they subsequently develop symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder as has been shown for other populations exposed to trauma through television. We conducted an inte
...
The Media and International Humanitarian Law: Legal Protections for Journalists
Pacific Journalism Review, volume 16, issue 1 (2010), pp. 96-112
"Journalists and other media personnel perform a crucial role in armed conflicts. In the absence of functioning civil society, which, in peacetime can survey the behaviour of governments and other parties, and report on breaches of law, journalists are often the only parties on the ground able to do
...
The effects of exposure to crisis on well-being of journalists: A study of crisis-related factors predicting psychological health in a sample of Finnish journalists
Media, War & Conflict, volume 3, issue 2 (2010), pp. 138–151
"Effects of work-related and personal exposure to potentially traumatic events on PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), depression, compassion fatigue and burnout were examined in 503 Finnish news journalists (238 men, 265 women) by using a web-based survey. Stepwise linear multiple regression analy
...
Forces of Gatekeeping and Journalists' Perceptions of Physical Danger in Post-Saddam Hussein's Iraq
Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, volume 87, issue 3-4 (2010), pp. 484-500
"Iraqi journalists operate in one of the deadliest newsgathering environments in the world. This study, based on a survey of 404 Iraqi journalists, examines the variables influencing journalists' perceptions of physical danger in covering news after the fall of Saddam Hussein. Gatekeeping theory pro
...
"Attempts to Influence": Survey of Perceptions of Albanian Journalists
New York: Open Society Institute (2009), 5 pp.
"The following text examines the freedom of the press in Albania from the subjective perspective of journalists. It does not discuss individual cases, or provide statistics on violence against journalists, but it does reveal how journalists felt affected by different political actors and events duri
...
Journalists: Shielded from the dangers of war in their pursuit of the truth?
South African Yearbook of International Law, volume 34, issue 1 (2009), pp. 70-100
"This piece seeks to unpack these questions by exploring the current protection afforded journalists under both general international law and IHL (Part I); the IHL status of journalists (both those embedded in the military and those reporting as freelance / independent journalists) (Part II); target
...
The psychological health of contractors working in war zones
Journal of Traumatic Stress, volume 22, issue 2 (2009), pp. 102-105
"This study examines the psychological health of contractors working in war zones. Seventy-nine contractors completed an Internet-based psychiatric assessment. The sample was exclusively male with a mean age of 43 (SD = 7) years. The number of contractors whose scores exceeded the cutoff points for
...
Staying alive in the killing fields
British Journalism Review, volume 20, issue 1 (2009), pp. 27-32
"Reporting on wars has always been a risky business for journalists. But news organisations have transformed their approach to safety in recent years by ensuring that all their staff sent to the front line have as much training as possible to minimise their chances of becoming victims of the conflic
...
Twenty-First Century Embedded Journalists: Lawful Targets?
Army Lawyer, issue July (2009), 32 pp.
"In light of the U.S. functionality test to Article 51(3), the role and use of today’s embedded journalist in international armed conflicts poses a direct threat to their civilian protections under Article 79 of Protocol I. Despite the fact that embedded journalism has helped to facilitate better
...
Guidelines for Exiled Journalists
Paris: Reporters Without Borders (2009), 30 pp.
"Thousands of men and women of diverse nationalities regularly flee persecution, leaving everything behind them from one day to the next, escaping from countries ravaged by war or dictatorship. All of them have suffered persecution because of their religion, nationality, membership of a social or et
...
The Philippine President as Tortfeasor-in-Chief: Establishing Civil Liability for Constitutional Negligence
Asian Journal of Comparative Law, volume 4 (2009), pp. 1-54
"This article analyzes the liability of the Philippine President for the tort of constitutional negligence in relation to the murders and forced disappearances of leftists, journalists, and other dissidents. It uses the international law doctrine of command responsibility as a form of attribution th
...
Gaza Media Safety
Copenhagen: International Media Support (IMS) (2009), 14 pp.
"Lack of safety and basic protection for media workers in Gaza – and in particular for journalists and photographers working freelance – has been identified as the most crucial and imminent issue in the weeks following the military offensive by Israel against Hamas in the Gaza Strip on 27 Decemb
...
From Danger to Trauma Affective Labor and the Journalistic Discourse of Witnessing
"According to recent reports on violence committed against journalists, journalism is a dangerous, fear-inspiring job. In the wake of Daniel Pearl’s kidnapping and murder in January 2002 and the less-publicized but equally brutal killings of journalists in Bangladesh, the Philippines, the wars in
...
Funding for Freedom of Expression Organizations: Report of a Survey of IFEX Members
Athens, Ga.: University of Georgia, James Cox Center for International Mass Communication Training and Research (2009), 67 pp.
"The vast majority of IFEX members say it is more difficult now than a year ago to find project funding. Half say it is more difficult now than five years ago to find project funding. The dominant source for project funding is foundations outside the country of the member. A majority of IFEX members
...
Under Attack: Practicing Journalism in a Dangerous World
Washington, DC: Center for International Media Assistance (CIMA) (2009), 46 pp.
"This report examines the key issues surrounding threats to the physical safety of journalists, particularly in countries with hostile media environments. While acknowledging the serious impact of repressive measures such as imprisonment, the focus of the report is sharply on incidents of violence.
...
